摘要：
Most plants belonging to the widely distributed genus Dianthus are used for gardening. Interspecific hybridization of different Dianthus species leads to blurred genetic backgrounds. To obtain more genomic resources and understand the phylogenetic relationships among Dianthus species, the chloroplast genomes of 12 Dianthus species, including nine Dianthus gratianopolitanus varieties, were analyzed. The chloroplast genomes of these 12 species exhibited similar sizes (149,474-149,735 bp), with Dianthus caryophyllus having a chloroplast genome size of 149,604 bp marked by a significant contraction in inverted repeats. In the chloroplast genome of Dianthus, we identified 124-126 annotated genes, including 83-84 protein-coding genes. Notably, D. caryophyllus had 83 protein-coding genes but lacked rpl2. The repeat sequences of the chloroplast genome were consistent among species, and variations in the sequence were limited and not prominent. However, notable gene replacements were observed in the boundary region. Phylogenetic analysis of Dianthus indicated that D. caryophyllus and D. gratianopolitanus were most closely related, suggesting that the degree of variation within nine Dianthus varieties was no less than the variation observed between species. These differences provide a theoretical foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity within Dianthus species.
摘要：
The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill pollutes not only the landfill and surroundings, but also the environment far away from the landfill by infiltrating into the soil and/or flowing on the ground surface. Developing an efficient photocatalyst to degrade DOM is an interesting topic. Herein, the catalysts composed of ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) with different morphologies were fabricated with a two-step hydrothermal method. The phase composite and microstructure were analyzed, and the degradation efficiency of the DOM under ultraviolet light was investigated. Three kinds of ZnO-rGO composite catalysts with different morphologies were successfully synthesized, and rGO was coated on the ZnO surface to form heterostructural composite catalysts. The catalyst powders have similar Raman and FT-IR spectra, but have different specific surface areas and band gaps. The degradation efficiency of DOM by ZnO-rGO composites is higher than that of pure ZnO powder. Compared to pure ZnO, ZnO-rGO composite catalysts contain more oxygen vacancies and a narrower band gap, and the heterostructure is beneficial for accelerating electron separation, inhibiting electron recombination.
作者：
Li Yanzi;Li Peng;Zhang Yan;Jiang Kangkang;Dong Meng;...
期刊：
CyTA - Journal of Food,2022年20(1):143-148 ISSN：1947-6337
通讯作者：
Zhenggang, Xu(xuzhenggang@nwafu.edu.cn)
作者机构：
[Li Yanzi; Xu Zhenggang; Dong Meng; Hu Zhiyuan] Hunan City Univ, Sch Mat & Chem Engn, Yiyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li Peng] Yiyang Med Coll, Dept Nursing, Yiyang, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang Guiyan; Xu Zhenggang; Zhang Yan] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Jiang Kangkang; Xu Zhenggang; Zhao Yunlin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Environm & Re, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu Zhenggang] S;School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
作者机构：
[Ding, Yi; Zhao, Yunlin; Xu, Zhenggang; Dai, Jingyi; Tang, Yongcheng; Peng, Jiao] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Forestry Remote Sensing Based Big Data &, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zhenggang; Chen, Jiahao] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Zhiyuan; Dong, Meng] Hunan City Univ, Sch Mat & Chem Engn, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zhenggang; Huang, Tian] Engn Res Ctr Internet Anim, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhenggang Xu] C;College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Internet of Animals, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing Based Big Data & Ecological Security for Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
期刊：
BMC Ecology and Evolution,2021年21(1):1-17 ISSN：2730-7182
通讯作者：
Xu, Zhenggang
作者机构：
[Zhao, Yunlin; Xu, Zhenggang; Peng, Jiao] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Environm & Re, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Xiaofen; Zhao, Yunlin; Liu, Shiquan; Xu, Zhenggang; Dong, Meng; Hu, Zhiyuan; Peng, Jiao] Hunan City Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Dark Tea & Jin Hua, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zhenggang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Management, Key Lab, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Zhenggang] H;Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, People's Republic of China.;Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
摘要：
Cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological trees distributed worldwide. Cultivated tea suffer from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human beings, which may have changed its genetic structure. The chloroplast is an organelle with a conserved cyclic genomic structure, and it can help us better understand the evolutionary relationship of Camellia plants. We conducted comparative and evolutionary analyses on cultivated tea and wild tea, and we detected the evolutionary characteristics of cultivated tea. The chloroplast genome sizes of cultivated tea were slightly different, ranging from 157,025 to 157,100bp. In addition, the cultivated species were more conserved than the wild species, in terms of the genome length, gene number, gene arrangement and GC content. However, comparing Camellia sinensis var. sinensis and Camellia sinensis var. assamica with their cultivars, the IR length variation was approximately 20bp and 30bp, respectively. The nucleotide diversity of 14 sequences in cultivated tea was higher than that in wild tea. Detailed analysis on the genomic variation and evolution of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivars revealed 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 46 insertions/deletions (indels), and 16 protein coding genes with nucleotide substitutions, while Camellia sinensis var. assamica cultivars revealed 4 indels. In cultivated tea, the most variable gene was ycf1. The largest number of nucleotide substitutions, five amino acids exhibited site-specific selection, and a 9bp sequence insertion were found in the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivars. In addition, phylogenetic relationship in the ycf1 tree suggested that the ycf1 gene has diverged in cultivated tea. Because C. sinensis var. sinensis and its cultivated species were not tightly clustered. The cultivated species were more conserved than the wild species in terms of architecture and linear sequence order. The variation of the chloroplast genome in cultivated tea was mainly manifested in the nucleotide polymorphisms and sequence insertions. These results provided evidence regarding the influence of human activities on tea.
摘要：
Microorganisms play a significant part in detoxifying and immobilizing excessive metals. The present research isolated a strain (HM7) with high Mn(II) tolerance from Mn(II)-contaminated soil samples. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that HM7 had a 99% similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis, which can survive under a high concentration 4,000 mg/L of Mn(II), and the highest removal rate was up to 95.04% at the concentration of 400 mg/L. The highest Mn(II) removal rate was detected at the contact time 72 h, temperature 30 degrees C, and pH 5.0, while the differences in strain growth and Mn(II) removal rate among different inoculation doses were insignificant. Scanning electron microscopy indicated B. thuringiensis HM7 cells appeared irregular and cracked under Mn(II) stress. Fourier transform infrared exhibited that functional groups like carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, sulfhydryl groups, and amide bands might take part in the complexation of Mn(II). In addition, HM7 suggested the ability of indoleacetic acid production, siderophore production, and P' solubilization potential. Therefore, HM7 might have a potential to promote metal absorption by changing the form of heavy metals, and the experiments supported the application of B. thuringiensis HM7 as a biological adsorbent in Mn(II) contaminated environment remediation.
摘要：
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lupinus westianus, an endangered and endemic species to Florida, United States, has been assembled from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome structure of L. westianus is a circular molecule of 154,270 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,437 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 15,853 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) regions of 27,990 bp. The total G+C content of chloroplast genome is 36.47%, and while it is 41.56% of IRs, which was higher than LSC and SSC regions. The genome contained 130 genes, including 85 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes, of which 18 were duplicated in the IRs region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. westianus was clustered together with other two genus of Lupinus, L. luteus and L. albus. The chloroplast genome of L. westianus laid a good foundation for genetic resoures conservation. The chloroplast genome reported provided useful genomic resources not only for the exchange of information between different species, but also for the population genetics of L. westianus and its phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.
摘要：
Artemisia selengenesis is not only a health food, but also a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Only a fraction of the chloroplast (cp) genome data of Artemisia has been reported and chloroplast genomic materials have been widely used in genomic evolution studies, molecular marker development, and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Artemisia, which makes evolutionary studies, genetic improvement, and phylogenetic identification very difficult. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. selengensis was compared with that of other species within Artemisia and phylogenetic analyses was conducted with other genera in the Asteraceae family. The results showed that A. selengensis is an AT-rich species and has a typical quadripartite structure that is 151,215 bp in length. Comparative genome analyses demonstrated that the available chloroplast genomes of species of Artemisia were well conserved in terms of genomic length, GC contents, and gene organization and order. However, some differences, which may indicate evolutionary events, were found, such as a re-inversion event within the Artemisia genus, an unequal duplicate phenomenon of the ycf1 gene because of the expansion and contraction of the IR region, and the fast-evolving regions. Repeated sequences analysis showed that Artemisia chloroplast genomes presented a highly similar pattern of SSR or LDR distribution. A total of 257 SSRs and 42 LDRs were identified in the A. selengensis chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. selengensis was sister to A. gmelinii. The findings of this study will be valuable in further studies to understand the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Asteraceae.
