摘要：
Carbon is predominantly used in zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) as an electrode material. Nitrogen doping and strategic design can enhance its electrochemical properties. Melamine formaldehyde resin, serving as a hard carbon precursor, synthesizes nitrogen-doped porous carbon after annealing. Incorporating transition metal catalysts like Ni, Co, and Fe alters the morphology, pore structure, graphitization degree, and nitrogen doping types/proportions. Electrochemical tests reveal a superior capacitance of 159.5 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and rate performance in Fe-catalyzed N-doped porous carbon (Fe-NDPC). Advanced analysis shows Fe-NDPC’s high graphitic nitrogen content and graphitization degree, boosting its electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance. Its abundant micro- and mesopores increase the surface area fourfold compared to non-catalyzed samples, favoring EDLC and fast electrolyte transport. This study guides catalyst application in carbon materials for supercapacitors, illuminating how catalysts influence nitrogen-doped porous carbon structure and performance.
期刊：
Separation and Purification Technology,2025年356:129945 ISSN：1383-5866
通讯作者：
Guowen He
作者机构：
[Yun Li; Yirui Sun; Zihan Huang; Xiuhao Zhu; Shang Li; Ping Chen; Yalan Tang] College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China;[Jiaqi Bu] Hunan Haili Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, PR China;[Guowen He] College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and Environmental Functional Materials of College of Hunan province, Yiyang 413000, PR China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, The “Double-First Class” Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, PR China;[Shian Zhong] College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, The “Double-First Class” Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, PR China
通讯机构：
[Guowen He] C;College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and Environmental Functional Materials of College of Hunan province, Yiyang 413000, PR China
期刊：
International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems,2025年16(6):417-426 ISSN：1755-0556
作者机构：
[Wenzhen Ku] College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China;[Xiyang Li] College of Fine Arts and Design, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
关键词：
fine arts and traditional Chinese painting works;image colour;pixel level;wavelet transform algorithm;high frequency component;Markov chain
摘要：
Aiming at the problems of low colour correction accuracy and large colour space decomposition error in colour correction of fine arts and traditional Chinese painting works, a colour correction method based on colour space decomposition is designed. First, the linear weighting algorithm is used to fuse the colour pixel level of the fine arts and traditional Chinese painting image. The wavelet transform algorithm is introduced to complete the extraction of colour features, and then the colour features are pre-processed. Finally, the state of colour space is determined, through the decomposition of row and column pixels in colour space, the deviation probability with Markov chain is calculated, and colour correction research through the determination of state function is realised. The results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of colour correction of fine arts and traditional Chinese painting images, and the colour space decomposition error is low.
作者：
Lide Yang;Jiacheng Liang;Zheng Liu;Jianmin Yuan;Guowen He
期刊：
Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2025年:e57010 ISSN：0021-8995
通讯作者：
Jianmin Yuan<&wdkj&>Guowen He
作者机构：
College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, People's Republic of China;Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and Environmental Functional Materials of College of Hunan Province, Yiyang, People's Republic of China;[Jianmin Yuan] College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China;[Lide Yang; Jiacheng Liang; Zheng Liu; Guowen He] College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, People's Republic of China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and Environmental Functional Materials of College of Hunan Province, Yiyang, People's Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Jianmin Yuan; Guowen He] C;College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, People's Republic of China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and Environmental Functional Materials of College of Hunan Province, Yiyang, People's Republic of China<&wdkj&>College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
关键词：
graphene and fullerenes;membranes;nanotubes;surfaces and interfaces
摘要：
The exploitation, transportation, and utilization of various oil products frequently generate substantial volumes of oily wastewater, making the development of efficient treatment methods imperative for addressing environmental pollution and water scarcity. In this study, sodium hypochlorite was first employed to oxidize and etch the surface of the nylon mesh separation membrane (NFM), resulting in a modified NFM (M-NFM) characterized by a unique honeycomb-like porous structure and an abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups. Subsequently, a hydrophilic and positively charged UiO-66-NH 2 particle layer is in situ synthesized on the NFM surface, capitalizing on the abundant nucleation sites offered by carboxyl groups within the honeycomb framework, yielding the composite membrane of M-NFM/UiO-66-NH 2 (M-NFMU). To further enhance the oil–water separation performance of this composite membrane, surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (SF-CNC) and graphene oxide (GO) were sequentially adsorbed onto the surface of the M-NFMU membrane through a synergetic self-assembly strategy. This process led to the formation of a hierarchical micro-nano structure on the surface of the NFM, ultimately producing a composite membrane designated as M-NFM@UiO-66-NH 2 /SF-CNC/GO (M-NFMUCG). During the oil–water separation process, water molecules engage in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl functional groups present in the UiO-66-NH 2 , SF-CNC, and GO structures. This interaction effectively captures and stabilizes a water film on the surface of the M-NFMUCG membrane, preventing oil from coming into contact with it. As a result, the M-NFMUCG exhibits remarkable superhydrophilicity, exceptional oil resistance, and outstanding oil–water separation performance, achieving a permeate flux of up to 16,361 L m 2 h −1 and an oil rejection rate exceeding 99.9% under gravity. Moreover, the M-NFMUCG membranes exhibit excellent chemical stability and remarkable salt resistance, underscoring their significant potential for the treatment of oily wastewater.
摘要：
In the contribution, a novel chemometric coupling technique combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the rapid quantification and source apportionment of eight monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MACHs) in soil samples. The strategy was built on the three-dimensional calibration based on alternating trilinear decomposition coupling with the unsupervised classification using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (named ATLD-t-SNE). Firstly, a validation set and a spiked soil set were used to investigate the quantitative performance of the developed method. The obtained average recoveries of eight MACHs in soil samples were between (95.0 ± 4.4)% and (111.9 ± 3.3)%, and the limits of detection ranged from 0.0041μg mL −1 to 1.85 μg mL −1 , which were better than the results of parallel factor analysis-alternating least squares (PARAFAC-ALS). Subsequently, the proposed approach was applied to analyze actual soil samples collected from tea plantations (7 samples) and industrial areas (60 samples), revealing the presence of ethylbenzene (EBZ) and (1,3,5)-trimethylbenzene (MTY) in both types of soil samples, could the absence of other six MACHs. Finally, ATLD-t-SNE was utilized to classify these soil samples and a comparison between the new strategy and ATLD combined with feature component analysis as well as principal component analysis (called ATLD-FCA and ATLD-PCA, respectively) was made. The finding indicated that ATLD-t-SNE provided better clustering than other two methods, indicating different sources of organic pollution of MACHs in soil samples.
In the contribution, a novel chemometric coupling technique combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the rapid quantification and source apportionment of eight monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MACHs) in soil samples. The strategy was built on the three-dimensional calibration based on alternating trilinear decomposition coupling with the unsupervised classification using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (named ATLD-t-SNE). Firstly, a validation set and a spiked soil set were used to investigate the quantitative performance of the developed method. The obtained average recoveries of eight MACHs in soil samples were between (95.0 ± 4.4)% and (111.9 ± 3.3)%, and the limits of detection ranged from 0.0041μg mL −1 to 1.85 μg mL −1 , which were better than the results of parallel factor analysis-alternating least squares (PARAFAC-ALS). Subsequently, the proposed approach was applied to analyze actual soil samples collected from tea plantations (7 samples) and industrial areas (60 samples), revealing the presence of ethylbenzene (EBZ) and (1,3,5)-trimethylbenzene (MTY) in both types of soil samples, could the absence of other six MACHs. Finally, ATLD-t-SNE was utilized to classify these soil samples and a comparison between the new strategy and ATLD combined with feature component analysis as well as principal component analysis (called ATLD-FCA and ATLD-PCA, respectively) was made. The finding indicated that ATLD-t-SNE provided better clustering than other two methods, indicating different sources of organic pollution of MACHs in soil samples.
摘要：
For achieving cost-effectiveness, the utilization of printable carbon-based conductive inks has emerged as a critical driver for the industrial advancement of flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). However, the commercial application of carbon-based conductive ink is still limited by their low electrical conductivity and capacitance, attributed to the limited conductive pathways and pore structures resulting from the stacking of conductive materials. Herein, a carbon-based composite aqueous ink based on graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and conductive carbon black (GMC) is developed for scalable screen printing of MSCs. The integration of these carbon components forms a three-dimensional porous conductive network with exceptional flexibility. This network not only enhances electron transfer pathways but also increases the accessible surface area for electrolyte ions. Thanks to these advantages, the GMC-MSCs deliver high conductivity (10,843.62 S m −1 ), excellent energy storage performance (an areal capacitance of 12.94 mF cm −2 at a current density of 0.02 mA cm −2 ), and stable cycling life (102.4 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, these devices exhibit outstanding flexibility with 150 % capacity retention after 9000 bending cycles, thus paving the way for the widespread application of flexible MSCs.
For achieving cost-effectiveness, the utilization of printable carbon-based conductive inks has emerged as a critical driver for the industrial advancement of flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). However, the commercial application of carbon-based conductive ink is still limited by their low electrical conductivity and capacitance, attributed to the limited conductive pathways and pore structures resulting from the stacking of conductive materials. Herein, a carbon-based composite aqueous ink based on graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and conductive carbon black (GMC) is developed for scalable screen printing of MSCs. The integration of these carbon components forms a three-dimensional porous conductive network with exceptional flexibility. This network not only enhances electron transfer pathways but also increases the accessible surface area for electrolyte ions. Thanks to these advantages, the GMC-MSCs deliver high conductivity (10,843.62 S m −1 ), excellent energy storage performance (an areal capacitance of 12.94 mF cm −2 at a current density of 0.02 mA cm −2 ), and stable cycling life (102.4 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, these devices exhibit outstanding flexibility with 150 % capacity retention after 9000 bending cycles, thus paving the way for the widespread application of flexible MSCs.
摘要：
通过对不同的课程设置、不同的师资培养手段、以及多层级平台支撑条件的研究,构建了一个“思政引领、分层培养、全过程、多维度”的培养育人模式。同时在课程设置上强化工程和实践类教学课程模块的设置,加大产教融合和校企合作,构建以实...展开更多 通过对不同的课程设置、不同的师资培养手段、以及多层级平台支撑条件的研究,构建了一个“思政引领、分层培养、全过程、多维度”的培养育人模式。同时在课程设置上强化工程和实践类教学课程模块的设置,加大产教融合和校企合作,构建以实践技能为核心的课程体系,突出实践技能培养,全方位、多角度进行人才培养。进而实现思政引领“六位一体”的思创融合新路径,达到思创的深度融合。最后通过组织保障和评价体系的研究结果修订完善课程体系、培养模式和保障机制,有效提升大学生的双创能力。Through the study of different curriculum settings, different means of teacher training, and multi-level platform supporting conditions, an “ideological and political guidance, the whole process, multi-dimensional, hierarchical training” training mode is constructed. At the same time, this paper strengthens the setting of the course module of engineering and practice teaching, strengthens the integration of production and teaching and the cooperation between schools and enterprises, constructs the course system with practice skills as the core, and emphasizes the training of practice skills, all-round, multi-angle personnel training. And then to achieve the ideological and political leadership of the “six in one” new ways of creative integration, creative integration to achieve a deep integration. Finally, through the research results of organizational security and evaluation system, revise and improve the curriculum system, training mode and guarantee mechanism to enhance students’ ability of double Innovation.收起
摘要：
Tea waste contains various substances with phenolic hydroxyl groups, including lignin, tannins, tea polyphenols, etc., which are rarely utilized. In this study, tea waste was directly dispersed with graphene oxide to prepare tea waste/reduced graphene oxide (TW/rGO) hydrogel through a one-step hydrothermal method. The prepared hydrogel presented a continuous three-dimensional porous structure and exhibited good mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 53.4 ± 4.0 kPa. It also showed excellent electrochemical performance as an electrode material. Its specific capacitance reached 434.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and its capacitance retention was 55.8% when the current density was increased to 100 A g−1. In addition, an TW/rGO assembled all-solid-state supercapacitor demonstrated a superior specific capacitance of 372.8 F g−1 and a competitive energy density of 12.9 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1.
关键词：
Deep eutectic solvents;Three-phase partitioning;Edible liquid oil;Speciation analysis of Chromium;Liquid -liquid microextraction
摘要：
In this paper, a novelty ternary deep eutectic solvents was prepared with choline chloride , ethylene glycol and glycerol. The pH value was adjust to develop three-phase for speciation of Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) extract and separate in ganoderma lucidum spore oil based on ternary deep eutectic solvents. The results show that DES-4 has a good extraction of Cr (III) and Cr (VI), the sample-extraction ratio was 3:1, Cr (III) was protected by EDTA, all chromium ions in ganoderma lucidum spore oil was extracted by near 100 % in 2 times, Cr (III) and Cr (VI) was well separated by saturated buffer solution of KH 2 PO 4 /H 3 PO 4 (pH = 4.5). The LOD is 0.031 mg/kg. The RSD is 4.1 %. The recovery between 85.2 % and 111.5 %. This method was successfully applied to detect speciation chromium in other edible liquid oil.
In this paper, a novelty ternary deep eutectic solvents was prepared with choline chloride , ethylene glycol and glycerol. The pH value was adjust to develop three-phase for speciation of Cr (Ⅲ) and Cr (Ⅵ) extract and separate in ganoderma lucidum spore oil based on ternary deep eutectic solvents. The results show that DES-4 has a good extraction of Cr (III) and Cr (VI), the sample-extraction ratio was 3:1, Cr (III) was protected by EDTA, all chromium ions in ganoderma lucidum spore oil was extracted by near 100 % in 2 times, Cr (III) and Cr (VI) was well separated by saturated buffer solution of KH 2 PO 4 /H 3 PO 4 (pH = 4.5). The LOD is 0.031 mg/kg. The RSD is 4.1 %. The recovery between 85.2 % and 111.5 %. This method was successfully applied to detect speciation chromium in other edible liquid oil.
摘要：
Axillary bud outgrowth, a key factor in ratoon rice yield formation, is regulated by several phytohormone signals. The regulatory mechanism of key genes underlying ratoon buds in response to phytohormones in ratoon rice has been less reported. In this study, GR24 (a strigolactone analogue) was used to analyze the ratooning characteristics in rice cultivar Huanghuazhan (HHZ). Results show that the elongation of the axillary buds in the first seasonal rice was significantly inhibited and the ratoon rate was reduced at most by up to 40% with GR24 treatment. Compared with the control, a significant reduction in the content of auxin and cytokinin in the second bud from the upper spike could be detected after GR24 treatment, especially 3 days after treatment. Transcriptome analysis suggested that there were at least 742 and 2877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within 6 h of GR24 treatment and 12 h of GR24 treatment, respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that GR24 treatment had a significant effect on the homeostasis and signal transduction of cytokinin and auxin. It is noteworthy that the gene expression levels of OsCKX1, OsCKX2, OsGH3.6, and OsGH3.8, which are involved in cytokinin or auxin metabolism, were enhanced by the 12 h GR24 treatment. Taken overall, this study showed the gene regulatory network of auxin and cytokinin homeostasis to be regulated by strigolactone in the axillary bud outgrowth of ratoon rice, which highlights the importance of these biological pathways in the regulation of axillary bud outgrowth in ratoon rice and would provide theoretical support for the molecular breeding of ratoon rice.
摘要：
This review provides an overview of the current trends and prospects of the extraction and separation analysis techniques for phenolic compounds in honey in 2012-2022 years. The classification, chemical structures, physicochemical, and bioactive properties of phenolic compounds in honey were comprehensively analyzed. The recent sample preparation techniques for extracting and separating the phenolic compounds from honey were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and separation analyses were also analyzed and compared. According to recent literatures, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, two traditional sample preparation techniques, are still widely used for extracting phenolic compounds from honey samples. Various improved microscale extraction methods, such as solid phase microextraction and liquid-liquid microextraction, and sub-technologies can be applied considering the recovery rates, costs, solvent consumption, and environmental impacts. This review will provide insights into the extraction and separation analysis of phenolic compounds, and foster the development and utilization of active components in honey.
作者机构：
[Ma, Dechong; Pan, Sai; Chen, Yuli; Ma, DC; He, Guowen] Hunan City Univ, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Dechong; Ma, DC; He, Guowen] Hunan City Univ, Coll Hunan Prov, Key Lab Low Carbon & Environm Funct Mat, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ma, DC ] H;Hunan City Univ, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;Hunan City Univ, Coll Hunan Prov, Key Lab Low Carbon & Environm Funct Mat, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
active species;fusiform Bi;different pH values;photocatalytic mechanism;degradation pathway
摘要：
In this study, fusiform bismuth (Bi) was synthesized, and its photocatalytic performance, degradation mechanism, and pathways for removing rhodamine B (RhB) at different pH levels were investigated. Additionally, the morphologies, structural characteristics, surface electronic states, optical properties, active species, and potential degradation pathways of RhB over the fusiform Bi were analyzed. The comparison of the results before and after RhB degradation using the fusiform Bi revealed the formation of a Bi/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst. At pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, the heterojunction exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, with RhB removal efficiencies of similar to 97%, 96.7%, 72.6%, 53.5%, and 27.6%, respectively. Moreover, total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand analyses were performed to evaluate the mineralization rates of RhB with the fusiform Bi at pH 3.0 and 7.0. Furthermore, the effects of catalyst content, initial RhB concentration, light source distance, inorganic anions, and reactant temperature on the photocatalytic performance of the fusiform Bi were investigated. Additionally, the types of active species and potential photocatalytic mechanisms for RhB degradation over the fusiform Bi at different pH levels (3.0 and 7.0) were elucidated. The appropriate degradation pathways were identified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at pH 3.0 and 7.0.
作者机构：
[Qing, Xiangdong; Hu, Ting; Wang, You; Xia, Yitao; Lin, Li; Xu, Ling; An, Rong] Hunan City Univ, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Dark Tea & Jin hua, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qing, XD ] H;Hunan City Univ, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Dark Tea & Jin hua, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
PAHs;PM10;HPLC-DAD;ATLD;source apportionment
摘要：
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds that are both toxic and hazardous to human health and ecological systems. In recent work, a novel analytical strategy based on the chemometric-assisted HPLC-DAD method was proposed for the quantification and source apportionment of eight PAHs in PM10 samples. Compared to traditional chromatographic methods, this approach does not require the purification of complex PM10 samples. Instead, it utilizes a mathematical separation method to extract analytes’ profiles from overlapping chromatographic peaks, enabling precise quantification of PAHs in PM10. Firstly, 40 PM10 samples collected in Loudi city during two sampling periods were used for analysis. Subsequently, the second-order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) was employed to handle the three-way HPLC-DAD data. Finally, the pollution sources of PAHs were analyzed by the feature component analysis method according to the obtained relative concentration matrix. For the validation model, the average recoveries of eight PAHs were between (88.8 ± 7.6)% and (105.6 ± 7.5)%, and the root-mean-square errors of prediction ranged from 0.03 μg mL−1 to 0.47 μg mL−1. The obtained limits of quantification for eight PAHs were in the range of 0.0050 μg mL−1 to 0.079 μg mL−1. For actual PM10 samples, results of the feature component analysis indicated that the main source of PAHs in PM10 may be traffic emissions and coal combustion. In summary, the proposed method provided a new and rapid analysis method for the accurate determination and source apportionment of PAHs in atmospheric aerosols.
作者机构：
[Chen, Xiaohua; Liu, Zhixiao; Hu, Aiping; Chang, Ge; Yang, Yujie; Qian, Yang; Tang, Qunli; Chen, Xingzhu; Huang, Cong] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Yujie] Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Coll New Energy, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zheng] Hunan City Univ, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Coll Hunan Prov, Key Lab Low Carbon & Environm Funct Mat, R China, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, AP; Chen, XH ] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The application of sodium anodes is essential for developing high-energy density, low-cost, and high-security solid-state sodium–metal batteries (SSSMBs) to replace commercial lithium ion batteries. However, poor interface contact, high resistance, and dendrite growth between the sodium anode and solid-state electrolyte (SSE) have hampered the application of SSSMBs. Herein, an ultrastable composite sodium anode with gradient ion-electron conductive phases was constructed through the in situ conversion and alloying reaction between SbF 3 and sodium. The tightly contacted solid–solid interface between the composite anode and sodium superionic conductor oxide SSE is enriched with NaF and inside the anode is enriched with Na 3 Sb, which can inhibit the growth of sodium dendrites and accelerate the transport of bulk-phase sodium to the interface. Benefiting from these advantages, both symmetric and full cells assembled with such composite electrodes display excellent electrochemical performance. These results offer a novel composite anode design for the practical application of SSSMBs.
摘要：
Single-atom catalysts have wide application prospects in peroxydisulfate (PDS)-based advanced oxidation process to degrade organic pollutants, but its catalytic performance is limited due to its cost, Metal-N coordination number, and single-atom loading amount. Herein, a novel nitrogen doped algal-based carbon confined singleatom copper catalyst (Cu-N/C-SAC((S))) was synthesized using molten salt assisted pyrolysis and coupling with PDS to degrade tetracycline (TC). AC-HAADF-STEM and XAFS analysis proved that single atom Cu was loaded (Content 1.9 %) successfully and coordinated with two N and two C. XPS and XANES spectra analysis suggested that Cu atoms mainly existed in a positive divalent state in Cu-N/C-SAC(S). When the catalyst dosage of Cu-N/CSAC((S)) was 0.1 g/L, TC was almost completely removed. Moreover, Cu-N/C-SAC(S) had a broad pH adaptation range and strong ability against interference. Singlet oxygen (O-1(2)), superoxide radicals (center dot O-2(-)), and electron transfer had an important contribution for TC removal. DFT calculations confirmed that the activation process of Cu-N/C-SAC((S)) producing SO4 center dot- was easier than the nitrogen doped blue-green algal-based carbon (N-BGAC). In addition, Cu-N/C-SAC((S)) possessed good recyclability and stability. The main degradation pathways of TC were analyzed, and the toxicity of the intermediates was calculated. This study provides a new solution strategy for the resource utilization of waste biomass, and provides technical support and theoretical guidance for the efficient application of single-atom catalysts in organic wastewater.
