摘要：
Pb contamination is a serious environmental concern, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. Biochar-based functional materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their great potential for practical application. In this study, a novel N-functionalized tourmaline-biochar composite (TNBC) from pomelo peels with co-modifications using urea and tourmaline was developed. The immobilization of Pb in solution and soil by TNBC was investigated, and influencing factors and mechanisms were also analyzed. The experimental maximum adsorption capacity of Pb 2+ on TNBC was 600.60 mg/g. Analysis of morphologies and surface functional groups revealed that precipitation regulated Pb 2+ adsorption on TNBC, followed by cation exchange, complexation, and metal-π interaction. The effect of co-existing cations in the solution on adsorption was marginal. Correlation analysis disclosed that enriched plenty of minerals and N-functional groups on TNBC surface were the main reasons for improving Pb 2+ adsorption on TNBC compared with pristine biochar. Moreover, TNBC exhibited potential for soil remediation and could be an alternative amendment for Pb contamination. The TNBC increased the pH, electroconductivity, and residual Pb content of the polluted soil; therefore, it can ameliorate the effects of Pb contamination in the soil. This study provides an alternative viewpoint on developing functionalized biochar composites for soil remediation.
Pb contamination is a serious environmental concern, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. Biochar-based functional materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their great potential for practical application. In this study, a novel N-functionalized tourmaline-biochar composite (TNBC) from pomelo peels with co-modifications using urea and tourmaline was developed. The immobilization of Pb in solution and soil by TNBC was investigated, and influencing factors and mechanisms were also analyzed. The experimental maximum adsorption capacity of Pb 2+ on TNBC was 600.60 mg/g. Analysis of morphologies and surface functional groups revealed that precipitation regulated Pb 2+ adsorption on TNBC, followed by cation exchange, complexation, and metal-π interaction. The effect of co-existing cations in the solution on adsorption was marginal. Correlation analysis disclosed that enriched plenty of minerals and N-functional groups on TNBC surface were the main reasons for improving Pb 2+ adsorption on TNBC compared with pristine biochar. Moreover, TNBC exhibited potential for soil remediation and could be an alternative amendment for Pb contamination. The TNBC increased the pH, electroconductivity, and residual Pb content of the polluted soil; therefore, it can ameliorate the effects of Pb contamination in the soil. This study provides an alternative viewpoint on developing functionalized biochar composites for soil remediation.
摘要：
Enhancing the stability and durability of superhydrophobic wood remains a significant challenge for its long-term application in various fields. This study presents a novel approach to developing durable superhydrophobic wood by regulating wood structure. The analyses of the mechanism revealed that Si-Ti@PDMS prepolymer infiltrated wood’s pores and cell walls, forming a highly cross-linked micro-nanoscale superhydrophobic coating extending from the exterior to the interior. The resulting superhydrophobic wood exhibited excellent hydrophobic characteristics on both its surface and various cutting surfaces. Furthermore, the water contact angles (WCA) measured on the various cut surfaces of the wood consistently exceeded 150°, thereby confirming its superhydrophobicity. Additionally, the water contact angles (WCA) at wood depth surfaces remained above 130°. This observation indicates that the non-wettability characteristic of the superhydrophobic wood extends from the surface to the interior. Consequently, even in the event of surface structural damage, the wood retains its robust hydrophobic performance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for regulating durable superhydrophobic wood, and it was beneficial to the efficient use of superhydrophobic wood in construction and furniture fields.
Enhancing the stability and durability of superhydrophobic wood remains a significant challenge for its long-term application in various fields. This study presents a novel approach to developing durable superhydrophobic wood by regulating wood structure. The analyses of the mechanism revealed that Si-Ti@PDMS prepolymer infiltrated wood’s pores and cell walls, forming a highly cross-linked micro-nanoscale superhydrophobic coating extending from the exterior to the interior. The resulting superhydrophobic wood exhibited excellent hydrophobic characteristics on both its surface and various cutting surfaces. Furthermore, the water contact angles (WCA) measured on the various cut surfaces of the wood consistently exceeded 150°, thereby confirming its superhydrophobicity. Additionally, the water contact angles (WCA) at wood depth surfaces remained above 130°. This observation indicates that the non-wettability characteristic of the superhydrophobic wood extends from the surface to the interior. Consequently, even in the event of surface structural damage, the wood retains its robust hydrophobic performance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for regulating durable superhydrophobic wood, and it was beneficial to the efficient use of superhydrophobic wood in construction and furniture fields.
摘要：
Sepiolite (SEP), a naturally abundant and environmentally friendly clay mineral, possesses various active sites and a large specific surface area. In this work, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was activated to remove tetracycline (TC) using modified Sepiolite (MSEP), which was synthesized by ball milling and calcination techniques. According to the findings, MSEP efficiently stimulated PMS to produce 1 O 2 and ·OH radicals for the degradation of TC, with 1 O 2 being a key component of this process. The findings demonstrated that the carbonate on the MSEP surface encouraged the production of singlet oxygen. ( 1 O 2 ). Under the conditions of pH 6.5, 0.2 g/L MSEP, 2 mmol/L PMS and 25 °C, a 10 mg/L TC concentration was reduced by 93.3 % after 30 min. The presence of Cl − and NO 3 − did not inhibit TC degradation, while HCO 3 − promoted it, and H 2 PO 4 − exhibited an inhibitory effect. This work offers a novel method for using clay minerals to activate PMS and degrade organic contaminant without secondary pollution.
Sepiolite (SEP), a naturally abundant and environmentally friendly clay mineral, possesses various active sites and a large specific surface area. In this work, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was activated to remove tetracycline (TC) using modified Sepiolite (MSEP), which was synthesized by ball milling and calcination techniques. According to the findings, MSEP efficiently stimulated PMS to produce 1 O 2 and ·OH radicals for the degradation of TC, with 1 O 2 being a key component of this process. The findings demonstrated that the carbonate on the MSEP surface encouraged the production of singlet oxygen. ( 1 O 2 ). Under the conditions of pH 6.5, 0.2 g/L MSEP, 2 mmol/L PMS and 25 °C, a 10 mg/L TC concentration was reduced by 93.3 % after 30 min. The presence of Cl − and NO 3 − did not inhibit TC degradation, while HCO 3 − promoted it, and H 2 PO 4 − exhibited an inhibitory effect. This work offers a novel method for using clay minerals to activate PMS and degrade organic contaminant without secondary pollution.
作者：
Zhang, Liang;Jiang, Hao;Zhang, Sheng;Bei, Zhenghao;Huang, Ning
期刊：
Measurement,2025年253:117561 ISSN：0263-2241
通讯作者：
Jiang, H
作者机构：
[Zhang, Liang; Huang, Ning; Zhang, Sheng] Hunan City Univ, Coll Civil Engn, 518 Yingbin East Rd, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Bei, Zhenghao; Jiang, Hao] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, 960 Wanjiali South RD, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, H ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, 960 Wanjiali South RD, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Tunnel lining detection;Cavity filler;Forward simulation;Generalized S -transform;Wavelet packet analysis
摘要：
Tunnel lining cavities and other defects can cause cracks in tunnel structures and damage to concrete, seriously affecting the safety of driving in tunnels. Due to varying geological conditions, the materials filling different cavity areas in tunnels differ. By formulating corresponding repair measures for different fillers in cavity areas, many unnecessary losses can be avoided. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on multi-parameter information for identifying and extracting the characteristics of different fillers in tunnel cavity areas through forward simulation using gprMax software and field test analysis. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used to detect cavities of different shapes filled with various media, focusing on cavity signals while reducing interference from I-beams, and reconstructing radar signals through migration. Statistical parameters are introduced for analysis, and techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform, generalized S-transform, and wavelet packet transform are employed to extract features from the processed radar signals. The characteristics of the filling medium in the cavity area are extracted from three aspects: frequency, time–frequency, and energy. This method can provide a reference for interpreting the GPR data of tunnel lining cavity filling media in actual engineering applications.
Tunnel lining cavities and other defects can cause cracks in tunnel structures and damage to concrete, seriously affecting the safety of driving in tunnels. Due to varying geological conditions, the materials filling different cavity areas in tunnels differ. By formulating corresponding repair measures for different fillers in cavity areas, many unnecessary losses can be avoided. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on multi-parameter information for identifying and extracting the characteristics of different fillers in tunnel cavity areas through forward simulation using gprMax software and field test analysis. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used to detect cavities of different shapes filled with various media, focusing on cavity signals while reducing interference from I-beams, and reconstructing radar signals through migration. Statistical parameters are introduced for analysis, and techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform, generalized S-transform, and wavelet packet transform are employed to extract features from the processed radar signals. The characteristics of the filling medium in the cavity area are extracted from three aspects: frequency, time–frequency, and energy. This method can provide a reference for interpreting the GPR data of tunnel lining cavity filling media in actual engineering applications.
期刊：
POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES,2025年34(4):3577-3592 ISSN：1230-1485
通讯作者：
Chen, Y
作者机构：
[Chen, Yu] Hunan City Univ, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Mengmiao; Chen, Yu; He, Shaoyao] Hunan Univ, Sch Architecture & Planning, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yu] Hunan Key Lab Key Technol Digital Urban & Rural Sp, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Yan] Hunan City Univ, Sch Humanities, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Y ] H;Hunan City Univ, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Sch Architecture & Planning, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;Hunan Key Lab Key Technol Digital Urban & Rural Sp, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
healthy urban space;long and short term memory;neural network;air quality;pollutant concentration
摘要：
With the improvement of people's living standards, more people are concerned about the air quality and safety of residential cities, and the concept of healthy urban space is gradually becoming deeply rooted in people's hearts. This study is based on long and short term memory neural network algorithms, incorporating AMs into them. The research adjusts the data input to the algorithm according to spatiotemporal characteristics and incorporates a stack-type self-coding network into an improved long and short term memory neural network to predict the concentration of urban air pollutants. The air pollutant data of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan is used to test the model, and the test results are as follows: The index values of the mean absolute error and coefficient of determination of the intelligent prediction model with all improvement measures in the test set are 4.0 and 0.94, respectively, which is significantly better than the traditional and partially improved long and short term memory neural network. The algorithm model with complete improvement measures is selected for comparative experiments with other recurrent neural networks. This experimental result shows that the overall fluctuation amplitude of this model is the smallest under various test sample numbers. The mean absolute error and root-mean-square error on the whole test set are 6.7 and 9.2, respectively, which are and the memory consumption is also lower. The experimental data proves that this model, combined with an expert experience system, has the potential to be applied to urban air pollutant prediction and health risk assessment.
摘要：
The bonding interface serves as a vulnerable point in steel structures strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), significantly influenced by the mechanical properties of adhesives and temperature. To understand the mechanisms through which temperature changes affect the properties of adhesive materials and the CFRP-steel interface, 70 adhesive tensile specimens and 28 CFRP-steel double-lap joint specimens were prepared based on the self-developed high-performance adhesive G3 and the typical commercial adhesive Sika30. Tests were conducted at seven different temperatures (-20 degrees C, -5 degrees C, 10 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 55 degrees C, and 70 degrees C). The results indicate that compared with 25 degrees C, an increase in temperature leads to a decrease in adhesive strength, whereas the ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-steel double-lap joints increases when the temperature is below a certain value but still lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the adhesive. However, a rapid decline in both adhesive and CFRP-steel joint performance occurs when the temperature approaches or exceeds the Tg of the adhesive. Decreasing the temperature results in a reduction in the ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-steel double-lap joints. Therefore, when reinforcing with adhesive-bonded CFRP, it is essential to consider the adverse effects not only of adhesive softening at high temperatures but also of embrittlement in low-temperature strengthening systems.
摘要：
In this paper, a degenerated reaction-diffusive avian influenza model with logistic source and spatial heterogeneity is proposed. We analyze the global compact attractor of the solution semi-flow of the model using the $ k $-contraction method. Furthermore, the threshold dynamics in terms of the basic reproduction number $ \mathcal{R}_0^{h} $ are investigated. Specifically, if $ \mathcal{R}_0^{h} < 1 $, the infection-free steady state of the system is globally asymptotically stable. If $ \mathcal{R}_0^{h} >1 $, then the endemic equilibrium is uniformly persistent. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the theoretical results.
摘要：
The existence of multiple cracks accelerates chloride ion penetration within damaged concrete, substantially shortening the lifespan of the structure. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of chloride migration mechanisms in cracked concrete subjected to multiple cracks under drying-wetting cycles. Firstly, a series of accelerated chloride diffusion experiments were conducted on prestressed concrete beams subjected to multiple cracks. The analysis examines how crack width, depth, and density affect chloride concentration distribution. Then, a chloride diffusion coefficient prediction model incorporating the effects of multiple cracks was established using the crack interaction function and verified through experimental data. Finally, this paper explored the distribution patterns of chloride concentration and convection zones in concrete subjected to multiple cracks under various environmental conditions. The experimental results showed that crack width exerts the strongest effect on chloride diffusion, followed by crack depth, while crack density has the smallest impact. At the same depth of diffusion, the chloride concentration in concrete specimens with crack width of 0.3 mm increased by 45 % and 25 % on average compared with those with crack width of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. The dry-wet time ratio and initial moisture saturation significantly affect chloride concentration distribution, with the depth of the convection zone showing a negative correlation with initial moisture saturation.
The existence of multiple cracks accelerates chloride ion penetration within damaged concrete, substantially shortening the lifespan of the structure. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of chloride migration mechanisms in cracked concrete subjected to multiple cracks under drying-wetting cycles. Firstly, a series of accelerated chloride diffusion experiments were conducted on prestressed concrete beams subjected to multiple cracks. The analysis examines how crack width, depth, and density affect chloride concentration distribution. Then, a chloride diffusion coefficient prediction model incorporating the effects of multiple cracks was established using the crack interaction function and verified through experimental data. Finally, this paper explored the distribution patterns of chloride concentration and convection zones in concrete subjected to multiple cracks under various environmental conditions. The experimental results showed that crack width exerts the strongest effect on chloride diffusion, followed by crack depth, while crack density has the smallest impact. At the same depth of diffusion, the chloride concentration in concrete specimens with crack width of 0.3 mm increased by 45 % and 25 % on average compared with those with crack width of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. The dry-wet time ratio and initial moisture saturation significantly affect chloride concentration distribution, with the depth of the convection zone showing a negative correlation with initial moisture saturation.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING,2025年81(4):1-21 ISSN：0920-8542
通讯作者：
Jiang, H
作者机构：
[Ya, Jinhua] Jingdezhen Ceram Univ, Sch Design Art, Jingdezhen 333000, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Hua] Hunan City Univ, Coll Fine Arts & Design, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Milani, F.] Western Caspian Univ, Dept Mech & Math, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, H ] H;Hunan City Univ, Coll Fine Arts & Design, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Internet of Things (IoT);Energy consumption;IoT;Quantum dot;Printed circuit
摘要：
An Internet of Things (IoT) network is a graph where all nodes have the same number of links. IoT gadgets are distinct due to their limited battery capacities, short lifespans, and low sustainability. For active mode connectivity, these designs need to address a number of challenges, such as sustainable practices, effective power strategies, and quick data transmission. However, due to its widespread application in digital computer arithmetic processes, the printed device is considered one of the essential digital components of IoT circuits. To put it another way, low-power and IoT devices with longer battery life and low-power consumption may be used with the printed electronic device. As this is going on, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is being utilized more and more to develop digital circuit systems that require less energy and are sustainable and occupied. Consequently, this study proposes a novel printed circuit with an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) structure. Implementing QCA technology emphasizes energy efficiency, sustainability, and occupied areas for miniaturizing IoT systems. Additionally, utilizing the QCADesigner-E 2.2 and QCAPro tools, all proposed frameworks are validated by simulation.
摘要：
Wood, as an abundant and sustainable material, is highly regarded for its aesthetic appeal and versatility, making it a popular choice for architectural and furniture applications. Nevertheless, its high flammability presents a major safety hazard, severely restricting its use in fire-prone settings. In this work, we focus on extending the time to ignition (TTI) of wood by increasing the delay between contact with an ignition source and the formation of an open flame, rather than merely reducing the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke release rate (SRR) during combustion. This study investigates how magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) promote the mineralization of CaCO 3 within wood, leading to the formation of magnesium calcium carbonate (Mg-CaCO 3 ) and magnesium calcite. During wood combustion, Mg-CaCO 3 underwent dehydration and phase transformation, promoting the nucleation and growth of Mg-calcite within the wood matrix. This process markedly enhanced the wood's fire-retardant properties and compressive strength. Compared to untreated wood, the mineralized wood demonstrated a 53 s delay in TTI, a 68.8 % reduction in the maximum heat release rate (HRR), and a 101.7 % increase in compressive strength. The facile self-densification and heat-induced mineralization processes, combined with a water evaporation strategy, significantly enhance both the fire-retardant properties and mechanical strength, offering a promising approach for the development of fire-resistant, high-strength structural materials.
Wood, as an abundant and sustainable material, is highly regarded for its aesthetic appeal and versatility, making it a popular choice for architectural and furniture applications. Nevertheless, its high flammability presents a major safety hazard, severely restricting its use in fire-prone settings. In this work, we focus on extending the time to ignition (TTI) of wood by increasing the delay between contact with an ignition source and the formation of an open flame, rather than merely reducing the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke release rate (SRR) during combustion. This study investigates how magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) promote the mineralization of CaCO 3 within wood, leading to the formation of magnesium calcium carbonate (Mg-CaCO 3 ) and magnesium calcite. During wood combustion, Mg-CaCO 3 underwent dehydration and phase transformation, promoting the nucleation and growth of Mg-calcite within the wood matrix. This process markedly enhanced the wood's fire-retardant properties and compressive strength. Compared to untreated wood, the mineralized wood demonstrated a 53 s delay in TTI, a 68.8 % reduction in the maximum heat release rate (HRR), and a 101.7 % increase in compressive strength. The facile self-densification and heat-induced mineralization processes, combined with a water evaporation strategy, significantly enhance both the fire-retardant properties and mechanical strength, offering a promising approach for the development of fire-resistant, high-strength structural materials.
期刊：
Measurement Science And Technology,2025年36(4):046133 ISSN：0957-0233
通讯作者：
Zhang, S
作者机构：
[Zhang, Sheng] Hunan City Univ, Sch Management, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Liang; Huang, Ning; Zhang, Sheng; Deng, Zongwei] Hunan City Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Liang; Zhang, Sheng; Deng, Zongwei] Hunan City Univ, Higher Educ Inst Hunan Prov, Key Lab Green Bldg & Intelligent Construct, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Qianqian] Hunan Commun Polytech, Inst Civil Engn, Changsha 410000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, S ] H;Hunan City Univ, Sch Management, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan City Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan City Univ, Higher Educ Inst Hunan Prov, Key Lab Green Bldg & Intelligent Construct, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
rock classification;wavelet scattering transform;support vector machine;sensitivity analysis;deep learning
摘要：
In geological exploration and tunnel/underground engineering, precise, rapid, and intelligent rock lithology identification is crucial. A wavelet scattering transform-support vector machine (WST-SVM) rock image classification method is proposed that combines WST with SVM to address the limitations of conventional convolutional neural networks reliant on annotated samples. The method extracts multi-scale features from rock images using WST and trains an SVM classifier, achieving superior performance in test accuracy, macro-average precision, recall, and F1-score on a dataset of six rock types. Parameter analysis reveals that increasing invariant scale, decomposition transformations, and quality factor enhances feature matrix dimensionality and computational time. This approach reduces the need for extensive annotated samples and provides a practical solution for improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock lithology identification in geological exploration and tunnel engineering.
摘要：
Carbon is predominantly used in zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) as an electrode material. Nitrogen doping and strategic design can enhance its electrochemical properties. Melamine formaldehyde resin, serving as a hard carbon precursor, synthesizes nitrogen-doped porous carbon after annealing. Incorporating transition metal catalysts like Ni, Co, and Fe alters the morphology, pore structure, graphitization degree, and nitrogen doping types/proportions. Electrochemical tests reveal a superior capacitance of 159.5 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and rate performance in Fe-catalyzed N-doped porous carbon (Fe-NDPC). Advanced analysis shows Fe-NDPC’s high graphitic nitrogen content and graphitization degree, boosting its electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance. Its abundant micro- and mesopores increase the surface area fourfold compared to non-catalyzed samples, favoring EDLC and fast electrolyte transport. This study guides catalyst application in carbon materials for supercapacitors, illuminating how catalysts influence nitrogen-doped porous carbon structure and performance.
关键词：
Peroxydisulfate;Non-radical pathway;Electron transfer pathway;High stability
摘要：
The non-radical pathway has attracted extensive interest due to its unique advantages in persulfate activation. However, the conversion between non-radical pathways remains elusive. In this study, the nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon (NB-C) was synthesized from agroforestry waste by a simple co-pyrolysis method for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The results showed that nearly 100 % removal of SMX (20 mg/L) was achieved at a low catalyst dose (0.15 g L −1 ). Combining the results of quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ Raman spectroscopy, premixing experiments, and electrochemical analyses, a non-radical activation mechanism dominated by the electron transfer pathway (ETP) was identified. More importantly, we have quantified the oxidation contribution of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) to SMX degradation by steady-state concentration calculations. The experimental and characterization data indicated that the carbon structure of nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) was altered with the introduction of boron (B), and the main active sites were replaced by pyrrolic N, sp 2 -C, and the new BC 3 site, thereby transforming the reaction pathway from 1 O 2 oxidation (44.43 %) into an almost complete ETP (92.34 %). Benefitting from the advantages of the ETP, the NB-C/PDS system maintains excellent adaptability in complex background water matrices and over a wide pH range (3−11). Moreover, unlike the N-C/PDS system based on 1 O 2 oxidation, the reusability of the NB-C/PDS system was significantly improved, which further emphasizes its practical application potential. Finally, three possible degradation pathways of SMX were proposed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the toxicity of the intermediates was evaluated.
The non-radical pathway has attracted extensive interest due to its unique advantages in persulfate activation. However, the conversion between non-radical pathways remains elusive. In this study, the nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon (NB-C) was synthesized from agroforestry waste by a simple co-pyrolysis method for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The results showed that nearly 100 % removal of SMX (20 mg/L) was achieved at a low catalyst dose (0.15 g L −1 ). Combining the results of quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ Raman spectroscopy, premixing experiments, and electrochemical analyses, a non-radical activation mechanism dominated by the electron transfer pathway (ETP) was identified. More importantly, we have quantified the oxidation contribution of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) to SMX degradation by steady-state concentration calculations. The experimental and characterization data indicated that the carbon structure of nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) was altered with the introduction of boron (B), and the main active sites were replaced by pyrrolic N, sp 2 -C, and the new BC 3 site, thereby transforming the reaction pathway from 1 O 2 oxidation (44.43 %) into an almost complete ETP (92.34 %). Benefitting from the advantages of the ETP, the NB-C/PDS system maintains excellent adaptability in complex background water matrices and over a wide pH range (3−11). Moreover, unlike the N-C/PDS system based on 1 O 2 oxidation, the reusability of the NB-C/PDS system was significantly improved, which further emphasizes its practical application potential. Finally, three possible degradation pathways of SMX were proposed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the toxicity of the intermediates was evaluated.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,2025年39(3):04025017 ISSN：0887-3801
通讯作者：
Hu, D
作者机构：
[Hu, Da; Li, Yongsuo; Hu, D] Hunan City Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Struct Safety & Disaster Preven, 518 Yingbin East Rd, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Weng, Xiaoxuan; Tan, Ze; Liu, Jing] Hunan City Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Yingbin East Rd, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qi, Kai] Univ South China, Coll Civil Engn, Henyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, D ] H;Hunan City Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Struct Safety & Disaster Preven, 518 Yingbin East Rd, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Prediction of jacking force;Pipe jacking tunnel;Deep-learning;Convolutional neural network;Long-term and short-term memory network
摘要：
The advancement of computer technology has led to the increased utilization of new algorithms, such as machine learning, in various fields including underground engineering. The estimation of jacking force plays a critical role in the construction of rectangular jacked tunnels. Conventional prediction techniques often rely on empirical models and statistical analysis, posing challenges in accurately forecasting the jacking force for intricate tunnel structures. To overcome this obstacle, a method for predicting tunnel jacking force is proposed, which integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM). By utilizing geometric and operational parameters as inputs, the CNN extracts data features, which are subsequently inputted into the LSTM network for time-series modeling. This model effectively processes continuous jacking force data by comprehending the complex correlations within the data set, resulting in more precise predictions of future jacking force values. Comparative analysis with traditional methods such as the artificial neural network, single CNN model, and LSTM network demonstrates that the CNN-LSTM model significantly reduces prediction errors in tunnel jacking force estimation, thereby enhancing model accuracy. Consequently, the efficacy of the CNN-LSTM model has been validated, showcasing the benefits of employing deep-learning techniques for predicting jacking force in pipe jacking tunnel construction.
作者机构：
[Liu, R; Wang, Zhiya; Hu, Xinyao; Liu, Shiquan; Tang, Haitao; Liu, Rong; Deng, Ningjie] Hunan City Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Dark Tea & Jin Hua, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Zhaoyang; Liu, Rong; Liu, R; Wu, ZY] Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, R ; Liu, R; Wu, ZY ] H;Hunan City Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Dark Tea & Jin Hua, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
关键词：
AuNCs/ZIF-8;Determination of Sb3+ ions;Fluorescence quenching;Smartphone-assisted sensing
摘要：
Anovel smartphone-assisted fluorescence sensor was prepared for determination of antimony ions (Sb(3+)). It was synthesized by encapsulatingglutathione (GSH)-decorated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) (denoted as AuNCs/ZIF-8). Based on the strong fluorescence quenching caused by the addition of Sb(3+) ions, the AuNCs/ZIF-8 was designed for determination of Sb(3+) ions. The basic reason for fluorescence quenching of AuNCs caused by Sb(3+) ions is the reduction of Au (I) to Au (0), which is proved by the XPS. Mercury ions (Hg(2+)) and copper ions (Cu(2+)), the common interfering ions that can cause the strong quenching of AuNCs, can be masked by sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), respectively. Therefore, the prepared fluorescent sensor of AuNCs/ZIF-8 has high selectivity to the Sb(3+) ions. Under the optimal conditions, this proposed fluorescence sensor exhibited good linearity in the concentration range 1.25 × 10(-8) to 7.5 × 10(-4)M with a limit of detection of 3.13 × 10(-9)M. Furthermore, this portable smartphone-assisted sensing platform based on AuNCs/ZIF-8 has the advantages of significant simplification and speeds ofthe operation process, which provides a new analytical method for real-time determinationanalysis of Sb(3+) ions in real samples.
摘要：
Zn‐16Ag alloy is subjected to heat treatment under hyperhigh pressure to achieve a supersaturated solid solution. Subsequently, artificial aging results in the precipitation of more AgZn3 phases compared to atmospheric pressure treatment, effectively inhibiting the natural aging phenomenon that typically occurs after rolling deformation. During the immersion process, the sample exhibits uniform corrosion. The hyperpressure solution (HS) is used on Zn‐16Ag alloy to break the limit of atmospheric solid solution, and then the precipitation heat treatment is performed for 8 h at 100 °C. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of HS Zn‐16Ag alloy exhibits no obvious second phase peaks, the dispersive AgZn3 phases precipitate after precipitation heat treatment. The tensile strength of AS‐2 (atmospheric pressure solid solution–precipitation heat treatment–rolling) and HS‐2 (HS solid solution–precipitation heat treatment–rolling) Zn‐16Ag is 296 and 256 MPa, with elongation of 38% and 59%, respectively. After natural aging, the tensile strength of AS‐2 samples decreases by 25.6%, whereas that of HS‐2 samples only decreases by 2%. The fine diffusion AgZn3 precipitated inhibits the growth and dynamic recrystallization of the grains, showing excellent resistance of self‐aging. Moreover, HS‐2 Zn‐16Ag exhibits a more uniform corrosion mode than the AS‐2 alloy after immersion tests.
摘要：
Epistasis detection (ED) was widely used for identifying potential risk disease variants in the human genome. A statistically meaningful ED typically requires a more extensive dataset to detect complex disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, but a single institution generally possesses limited genome data. Thus, it is necessary to collect multi-institutional genome data to carry out research together. However, concerns regarding privacy and trustworthiness impede the sharing of massive genome data. Therefore, this article proposes a novel federated ED framework with the sequence perturbation privacy-preserving method to address the limitation of distributed data sharing (FedED-SegNAS). First, to address the lack of interpretability in deep learning models, integrate fuzzy logic into convolutional neural networks (CNNs), promoting the capabilities of CNN to represent the ambiguities of genomic data with high interpretability and reasonable accuracy. Second, consider using the neural architecture search method to optimize the federated neural architecture. Specifically, selecting the particle swarm optimization algorithm to automatically search the optimal neural architecture at different stages in federated learning (FL) based on adaptive multiobjectives decreases the communication cost and improves communication efficiency. Furthermore, to ensure the security of the parameter transfer process, design the sequence perturbation privacy-preserving method, grouping the upload and download parameters of FL and randomly perturbing the group number so that the attacker cannot obtain the corresponding result between the group number and parameters. Its rationality and security have been proven. The experiments conducted on a range of datasets demonstrate the superiority of the framework over state-of-the-art ED methods. FedED-SegNAS can reduce network complexity while protecting genome data security.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Q ] C;[Yi, WJ; Li, XJ ] N;Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Chinese PLA Med Sch, Sr Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Med Ctr 6, Beijing, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The fundamental trade-off between spatial resolution and imaging distance poses a significant challenge for current imaging techniques, such as those used in modern biomedical diagnosis and remote sensing. Here, we introduce a new conceptual method for imaging dynamic amplitude-phase-mixed objects, termed relay-projection microscopic telescopy (rPMT), which fundamentally challenges conventional light collection techniques by employing non-line-of-sight light collection through square-law relay-projection mechanisms. We successfully resolved tiny features measuring 2.76 μm, 22.10 μm, and 35.08 μm for objects positioned at distances of 1019.0 mm, 26.4 m, and 96.0 m, respectively, from single-shot spatial power spectrum images captured on the relay screen; these results demonstrate that the resolution capabilities of rPMT significantly surpass the Abbe diffraction limit of the 25 mm-aperture camera lens at the respective distances, achieving resolution improvement factors of 7.9, 25.4, and 58.2. The rPMT exhibits long-distance, wide-range, high-resolution imaging capabilities that exceed the diffraction limit of the camera lens and the focusing range limit, even when the objects are obscured by a scattering medium. The rPMT enables telescopic imaging from centimeters to beyond hundreds of meters with micrometer-scale resolution using simple devices, including a laser diode, a portable camera, and a diffusely reflecting whiteboard. Unlike contemporary high-resolution imaging techniques, our method does not require labeling reagents, wavefront modulation, synthetic receive aperture, or ptychography scanning, which significantly reduce the complexity of the imaging system and enhance the application practicality. This method holds particular promise for in-vivo label-free dynamic biomedical microscopic imaging diagnosis and remote surveillance of small objects. This imaging method exceeds the diffraction limit of the camera lens used, achieving resolution improvement factors of 7.9, 25.4, and 58.2 for objects at distances of 1019.0 mm, 26.4 m, and 96.0 m.
