The advancement of computer technology has led to the increased utilization of new algorithms, such as machine learning, in various fields including underground engineering. The estimation of jacking force plays a critical role in the construction of rectangular jacked tunnels. Conventional prediction techniques often rely on empirical models and statistical analysis, posing challenges in accurately forecasting the jacking force for intricate tunnel structures. To overcome this obstacle, a method for predicting tunnel jacking force is proposed, which integrates a convolutional neural network (...
