When a server authenticates users based on fingerprint over open network, the process of fingerprint matching is usually handled in the encrypted domain with purpose of protecting the privacy and security of both parties. However, an accurate alignment of the template and the query sample is rather difficult in this situation. An alignment-free fingerprint-matching scheme was presented, which extracts two kinds of local features around the minutiae, ridge orientation and minutiae local structure. Both features have the properties of invariant t...