In response to the insufficient research on the damage weakening evolution law of surrounding rock during roadway (tunnel) excavation and retreat, as well as the inadequate understanding of the anchoring mechanism of rock bolts in such rock masses, a series of triaxial loading-unloading and uniaxial reloading experiments were conducted on sandstone specimens using the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system. Microstructural characteristics of the damaged rock mass were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, revealing t...
