Markus was a western Marxist aesthete of the later period.He tried to mix Marxism and Freudism into a new type of social critical philosophy.He thought the essence of art and aesthetics was that both aimed to affirm and develop life instincts and both had the function of revolution and rebellion.By developing the new perception,the subject changes and rebuilds the world.By means of imaginary aesthetic forms,art and aesthetics deny and surpass the reality.However,the 'instinct revolution theory' of Ma...