Advanced geological prediction of tunnels has become an indispensable task to ensure the safety and effectiveness of tunnel construction before excavation in karst areas. Geological dis-asters caused by unfavorable geological conditions, such as karst caves, faults, and broken zones ahead of a tunnel face, are highly sudden and destructive. Determining how to predict the spatial location and geometric size of unfavorable geological bodies accurately is a challenging problem. In order to facilitate a three‐dimensional quantitative analysis of t...
