A theoretical model is established to describe the emergence of the Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR) based on trap-limited current (TLC) theory. The model produces both MNR and anti-MNR behavior, and is available to various trap distributions. Moreover, TLC-based MNR is connected to persistent photocurrent (PPC) phenomenon. The information from MNR and PPC as well as their connection can be used to...